Non-standard forms of employment
How many people work on a temporary contract, for only a few hours per week, through digital platforms, or have more than one job? Non-standard forms of employment refer to work arrangements that differ from the traditional permanent full-time position, as well as from self-employed individuals with employees. Here, you can gain insight into how widespread selected atypical forms of employment are among employed people in Denmark and follow developments over time.,
Non-standard forms of employment
, includes forms of work that differ from the traditional permanent full-time position and from traditional self-employment with employees. Examples include temporary employment, digital platform work, temp work, and holding multiple jobs simultaneously. A defining characteristic is that the connection to the labor market is typically less stable than in standard full-time employment.,
Temporary Employment
, Is a paid job with a fixed or limited duration. This means that the job either ends at a predetermined date or upon completion of a specific task or period, such as a project or the temporary replacement of an absent employee. Temporary employment therefore differs from permanent jobs, which do not have a predetermined end date.,
Economically active indicator
, An enterprise is considered economically active if it is assessed to carry out economic activity of a certain scale. This may, for example, be the case if the labour input corresponds to at least 0.5 full-time equivalent (FTE) employment, or if the enterprise's turnover, purchases of goods and services, imports, exports, value added, or total assets exceed specified thresholds., Prevalence and development in non-standard forms of employment, The figure shows the prevalence and development of selected forms of non-standard forms of employment. Five indicators are included, each describing a different type of employment and presented as a share of either all employed persons or employees only. , The indicators are not mutually exclusive, meaning that the same individual may be included in more than one indicator., Read about the individual indicators in the methodology documentation (pdf) in danish, , In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Non-standard forms of employment (per cent) (ATYP001),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 26.11.2026,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, Employed persons with multiple jobs and fee-based income,
Here you can see the share of employed persons with multiple concurrent jobs or fee-based income (multiple job-holders). This includes, among others, employees with a secondary job or fee-based work, as well as self-employed persons who have additional work alongside their business.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Employed persons (per cent of employed persons) (ATYP013),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 26.11.2026,
Source data
, Starting from the publication on April 28, 2015, RAS is based on the Labor Market Account (AMR_UN), which is a longitudinal register. In this context, RAS has been revised back to November 2008. At the same time, the dating of the statistics was changed, so that it is now dated according to the reference point at the end of November. This means that the most recent assessment is labeled as the end of November 2024, whereas previously it would have been labeled 2025. , Data in AMR_UN come from a number of other sources:, The eIncome Register, The Business Statistics Register, The Statistics on People Receiving Public Benefits, The Education Statistics, The Income Statistics, The Population Statistics, The Maternity and Sickness Benefits Statistics, The Occupational Classification Module, Before 2008, the basic data for employees came from the central information form register at SKAT, and these data were not longitudinal.,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Register-Based Labour Force Statistics
, Self-employed without employees,
The figure shows the number and income distribution of self-employed persons without employees, broken down by level of economic activity. Income is measured as total pre-tax income in Danish kroner., In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Self-employed (primary work) without employees (ATYP021),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 26.11.2026,
Source data
, Starting from the publication on April 28, 2015, RAS is based on the Labor Market Account (AMR_UN), which is a longitudinal register. In this context, RAS has been revised back to November 2008. At the same time, the dating of the statistics was changed, so that it is now dated according to the reference point at the end of November. This means that the most recent assessment is labeled as the end of November 2024, whereas previously it would have been labeled 2025. , Data in AMR_UN come from a number of other sources:, The eIncome Register, The Business Statistics Register, The Statistics on People Receiving Public Benefits, The Education Statistics, The Income Statistics, The Population Statistics, The Maternity and Sickness Benefits Statistics, The Occupational Classification Module, Before 2008, the basic data for employees came from the central information form register at SKAT, and these data were not longitudinal.,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Register-Based Labour Force Statistics
, Involuntary part-time employment,
The figure shows the share of employed persons who report working part-time because they have been unable to find a full-time job.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Involuntary part-time work (15-74-year-olds) (per cent and number) (ATYP041),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 9.3.2027,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, Part-time work of less than 15 hours per week,
Here you can see the development in the share of employees with a weekly working time of less than 15 hour. The measure includes working hours from all employee jobs.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Employees (per cent) (ATYP083),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 26.11.2026,
Source data
, Starting from the publication on April 28, 2015, RAS is based on the Labor Market Account (AMR_UN), which is a longitudinal register. In this context, RAS has been revised back to November 2008. At the same time, the dating of the statistics was changed, so that it is now dated according to the reference point at the end of November. This means that the most recent assessment is labeled as the end of November 2024, whereas previously it would have been labeled 2025. , Data in AMR_UN come from a number of other sources:, The eIncome Register, The Business Statistics Register, The Statistics on People Receiving Public Benefits, The Education Statistics, The Income Statistics, The Population Statistics, The Maternity and Sickness Benefits Statistics, The Occupational Classification Module, Before 2008, the basic data for employees came from the central information form register at SKAT, and these data were not longitudinal.,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Register-Based Labour Force Statistics
, Temporary employment,
The figure shows the share of employees in temporary employment, broken down by age groups.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Temporary employment (15-74-year-olds) (per cent and number) (ATYP051),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 9.3.2027,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, Reasons for temporary employment,
Here you can see the reasons for temporary employment among employees, broken down by age groups. Reasons may include structurally time-limited positions such as internships and project-based contracts, the individual’s own preference for temporary work, or the inability to obtain permanent employment.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Temporary employment (15-74-year-olds) (per cent) (ATYP053),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 9.3.2027,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, Digital platform work,
The table shows the share of employed persons who have performed digital platform work within the past month. Digital platform work refers to work tasks mediated through digital platforms or apps.
, Share of employed persons who have performed digital platform work within the past month, Unit: , Per cent, Has worked on digital platforms, Has not worked on digital platforms, 2024Q3, 0.3, 99.7, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Employees (15-74-year-olds) (per cent) (ATYP091),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, Reasons for temp work,
The figure shows the reasons for temp work, broken down by age groups. Individuals are classified according to whether they work as temp workers because they have been unable to obtain a permanent job or because they have chosen to do so themselves.
, In Statbank Denmark, you can find more data on Temp workers (15-74-year-olds) (per cent) (ATYP063),
Update and sources
,
Last update
, 9.6.2026,
Next update
, 9.3.2027,
Source data
, The Labour Force Survey is quarterly based on a stratified sample. The sample was reduced in the 1st quarter of 2016. The reduction will be implemented successively and the sample size will be reduced from 40,532 individuals to 34.320 persons aged 15 to 74 years in the 1st quarter of 2017 when the reduction is fully implemented. Until the year 2020 the LFS has been collected at the individual level for 15-74-year-olds. From 2021 the population has changed to also include the age group from 75-89 years. On a quarterly basis the sample has thus increased from 34,320 people to 36,020 people. , In 2022q1, a new stratification was introduced in the LFS. Register data on employment and register unemployment are utilized to a greater extent, in order to obtain a greater number of responses in some of the groups that suffer from low response rates. For starters, the population is divided into four groups: 1) in stable employment, 2) in registered unemployment, 3) neither in stable employment nor registered unemployment and 4) persons aged 75 to 89. In addition, groups 1 and 3 are divided into the age groups 15-29, 30-64 and 65-74. This results in eight different strata, which are used in the sample selection from 2022q1 onwards. As the LFS consists of four panels, each appearing for six quarters, this stratification was fully implemented in Q2 2023., The sample is weighted to represent the population as it was at the end of the previous quarter.
Different administrative resources are used to select the sample. Administrative sources are also used to obtain various background information on the people interviewed, for example on educational level or workplace., These registers (among others) are being used for the Labour Force Survey: , Central Population Register (CPR) , Population Register , The Register of Labour Market Statistics (RAM) , Register based-labour force statistics (RAS) , Education classification (DISCED) , Employees, Register of income, Business statistics register,
Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, On the statistics – documentation, sources and method, Gain an overview of the purpose, contents and quality of the statistics. Learn about the data sources of the statistics, the contents of the statistics and how often they are published., See the documentation of statistics to learn more:,
Labour Force Survey (LFS)
, The purpose of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is giving a description of the labour market status of the population. The LFS gives insight into how many people are employed, unemployed or outside the labour force (economically inactive). The LFS also manages to measure information like how many people are working part time; how many hours men in their 30s or 40s usually work; or how many elderly people outside the labour market would like to have a job. The LFS has been conducted yearly since 1984, and from 1994 the survey has been conducted continuously throughout the year., Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Force Survey (LFS),
Labour Market Account
, New Labour Market Account concerning the population´s labour market status have been developed by Statistics Denmark. , The primary purpose of the Labour Market Accounts (LMA) is to provide a complete overview of the population´s labour market status compiled in terms of full-time persons, covering a given period of time or a given point-in-time., Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Labour Market Account,
Register-Based Labour Force Statistics
, The purpose of the Register-Based Labour Force Statistics (RAS) is to measure the population’s primary attachment to the labour market. This attachment is recorded at the end of November and compiled once a year. The first RAS compilation was made at the end of November 1980., Read more about sources, method and quality in the documentation of statistics on Register-Based Labour Force Statistics, Need more data on Non-standard forms of employment?, More detailed figures are available, for example for multiple job holders by sex, age, educational attainment, or municipality of residence, as well as temp work by industry. There are also statistics linking employee jobs with immigrant background., Go to the StatBank, Contact, Ida Frederikke Mathiesen, Phone: +45 21 49 48 53, Mail: , ifm@dst.dk
https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/arbejde-og-indkomst/befolkningens-arbejdsmarkedsstatus/atypisk-beskaeftigelse
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